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The Abjad numerals are a decimal numeral system in which the 28 letters of the Arabic alphabet are assigned numerical values. They have been used in the Arabic-speaking world since before the 8th century Arabic numerals. In modern Arabic, the word ' means 'alphabet' in general. In the Abjad system, the first letter of the Arabic alphabet, , is used to represent 1; the second letter, , is used to represent 2, etc. Individual letters also represent 10s and 100s: for 10, for 20, for 100, etc. The word ''abjad'' () itself derives from the first four letters (A-B-G-D) in the Phoenician alphabet, Aramaic alphabet, Arabic alphabet, Hebrew alphabet and other scripts for Semitic languages. These older alphabets contained only 22 letters, stopping at taw, numerically equivalent to 400. The Arabic Abjad system continues at this point with letters not found in other alphabets: =500, etc. ==Abjad order== The Abjad order of the Arabic alphabet has two slightly different variants. The Abjad order is not a simple historical continuation of the earlier north Semitic alphabetic order, since it has a position corresponding to the Aramaic letter ''samekh / semkat'' , yet no letter of the Arabic alphabet historically derives from that letter. Loss of ' was compensated for by the split of into two independent Arabic letters, (') and ('), which moved up to take the place of '. The most common Abjad sequence, read from right to left, is: This is commonly vocalized as follows: : *. Another vocalization is: : * Another Abjad sequence (probably older, now mainly confined to the Maghreb), is:〔 (Alyaseer.net Ordering entries and cards in subject indexes ) Discussion thread ''(Accessed 2009-Oct-06)''〕 which can be vocalized as: : * Modern dictionaries and other reference books do not use the Abjad order to sort alphabetically; instead, the newer ' () order (with letters partially grouped together by similarity of shape) is used: Another kind of ' order used to be widely used in the Maghreb until recently, when it was replaced by the Mashriqi order:〔 Persian dictionaries use a slightly different order, in which و comes before ه instead of after it. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「abjad numerals」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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